Headaches
Complaints of headaches constitute the majority of patients seeking medical attention for pain. In 80% of patients presenting with complaints of headaches, the headache is not attributed to an organic cause, and the diagnosis can only be established based on information provided by the patient.
Can Headaches be Dangerous?
95% of headaches are migraines or tension-type headaches. However, sometimes headaches can be seen as the initial indication of more significant issues. It is necessary to pay attention to the following characteristics to recognize dangerous headaches:
- Sudden onset of severe headaches experienced for the first time
- Headaches that escalate in frequency and severity
- New-onset headaches in individuals aged 50 and above or in patients post head trauma or with cancer
- Headaches occurring after situations like coughing or sexual activity
- Headaches that do not respond to treatment
What is Migraine Headache?
Migraines are usually observed in individuals aged 30-40 and occur in episodes lasting 4-72 hours. Some patients may feel the onset of pain attacks 5-60 minutes before the actual pain begins. While a normal life can be sustained between attacks, as the frequency of pain attacks increases, the amount of impact on social life and work productivity also grows. Migraine pain is generally of moderate to high intensity. It can disrupt the individual’s normal daily activities and affect the quality of life of those in close proximity. The pain is often throbbing or pulsating and typically affects one side of the head. Nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light or sound may accompany the headache.
Migraines are more prevalent in women than in men, with a rate of 20% in women and 7% in men. These patients often prefer to wait for the pain to subside in a quiet environment free from light and sound.
Currently, there are treatment methods available to prevent migraine attacks and alleviate pain during an attack.
How does Migraine Develop?
The exact cause of why migraines occur is not fully understood. It is believed to be related to changes in the blood vessels in the brain and chemical substances that transmit electrical nerve signals, but research is still ongoing regarding the reasons for these changes. The topic of genetic predisposition is debated, although studies show evidence of susceptibility. Many factors can trigger migraines. Some of these include chocolate, coffee, tea, caffeinated beverages, red wine, beer, whiskey, certain antibiotics, antihypertensives, birth control pills, flickering/bright/fluorescent lights, bright sunlight, perfume, smoking, anxiety, extreme sadness or happiness, depression, excessive excitement, excessive or insufficient sleep, fasting.
What is Tension-Type Headache?
Tension-type headaches are mild to moderate, dull, widespread headaches that are not usually severe but can be debilitating, often occurring in the afternoon. They are characterized by a sensation of pressure or heaviness throughout the head. They can be triggered by any form of stress. There are no accompanying symptoms, although sometimes there may be intolerance to noise.
How is Tension-Type Headache Different from Migraine?
Tension-type headaches have different characteristics compared to migraines. They generally start from the neck and spread towards the head, with increased frequency and intensity with tension and stress. They can cover the entire head or appear unilaterally.
How does Tension-Type Headache Develop?
It is known that muscle contractions in the head and neck muscles play a role in the development of tension-type headaches. This condition is triggered by tension and stress, manifesting as severe headaches.